Palliative and Supportive Care for Children With Cancer: An Expert Perspective

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Palliative and supportive care plays an important role in caring for children with cancer. Through palliative and supportive care, children and their families receive help with managing the various side effects of cancer and its treatment, including its physical, emotional, social, and financial effects.

In this podcast, Abby Rosenberg, MD, MS, MA, discusses what parents should know about pediatric palliative and supportive care, including what it is, what to expect when meeting with the palliative and supportive care team, and how this type of care helps support children with cancer and their families.

  • What is palliative and supportive care? [01:47]

  • How is palliative and supportive care different than hospice or end-of-life care? [03:20]

  • How can parents know if their child is ready to receive palliative and supportive care? [04:04]

  • How does the palliative and supportive care team provide support for children with cancer? [04:46]

  • What should parents and their children expect when meeting with members of the palliative and supportive care team? [05:41]

  • Does palliative and supportive care also include support for the parents and family members of children with cancer? If so, what does this support look like? [07:00]

Dr. Rosenberg is the chief of pediatric palliative care at the Dana-Farber cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Rosenberg has no relationships relevant to this content to disclose.

Was this podcast useful? Please subscribe, rate, and review cancer.Net Podcasts wherever you listen to podcasts. This prerecorded podcast can be listened to online or downloaded to your computer. A transcript is also available. For more information, visit the cancer.Net podcast page.

cancer.Net podcasts are edited for length and content.

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Bowel cancer treatment breakthrough as scientists solve immune system mystery

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Scientists are hopeful that a new method of treating bowel cancer can be found after their Research solved a decades-long riddle of why the immune system of patients ignores the disease.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Researchers at the University of Glasgow and cancer Research UK’s Beatson Institute have discovered how bowel cancer blinds the immune system so it cannot see the cancer and renders it unable to destroy it.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Dr Seth Coffelt, who led the Research, said: “Normally, immune cells keep things as they should be, patrolling the bowel like security guards, tackling any harmful bacteria and keeping the gut healthy.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“However, when cells in the bowel become cancerous, they fire these ‘security guards’ and all the methods these immune cells use to talk to each other to co-ordinate an immune response no longer get produced.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“cancer doesn’t want immune cells recognising them as a threat, so they manipulate the immune cells so they can’t see the threat and simply pass on by leaving the cancer to do its damage.”

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Scientists have said the discovery, published in cancer Immunology Research, a journal of the American Association for cancer Research, opens the door to potentially reversing or preventing this process.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Our discovery means that if a way can be found to artificially engage the ‘blinded’ T cells with a drug so that the T cells can see the cancer again, we could find a new effective way to treat bowel cancer

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Dr Seth Coffelt

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>It would allow the immune system to see the bowel cancer cells and stop them from growing and multiplying.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Bowel cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the UK, with about 16,800 deaths in the country every year – or 46 every day.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>In Scotland, around 4,000 people are diagnosed with the disease every year.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>As part of the work, the Glasgow-based researchers focused on a particular type of immune cell called gamma delta T cells.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Bowel cancer begins in the epithelial cells which line the bowel and these T cells patrol this area attacking any threats, such as damaged cells or small tumours, before they cause harm.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Scientists already knew that when bowel cancer is present, immune cells that can kill cancer do not often act against the bowel cancer, but they did not know why.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Using tissue samples from bowel cancer tumours donated by patients in Scotland, and other countries, scientists were able to identify the specific mechanism the cancer cells use to rewire the gamma delta T cells on a molecular level.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The team which made the discovery is now hopeful further Research could offer treatments which could reverse that process.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Discovering how the cancer calls trick the immune system offers potential for new treatments which could reactivate these immune cells, researchers said.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Dr Coffelt said: “Our discovery means that if a way can be found to artificially engage the ‘blinded’ T cells with a drug so that the T cells can see the cancer again, we could find a new effective way to treat bowel cancer.”

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Biomedical Advancements in Cancer

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Biomedical Advancements in Cancer

 

Introduction: In recent years, the field of biomedical advancements in cancer research has witnessed remarkable breakthroughs that have transformed our understanding of the disease and revolutionized treatment options. These advancements offer new hope to patients and hold the promise of improved outcomes in the fight against cancer.

Subtopics in Biomedical Advancements in Cancer:

Immunotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a game-changer in cancer treatment, leveraging the body’s immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. CAR-T cell therapy, PD-1 inhibitors, and CTLA-4 inhibitors are some of the key developments in this area.

Precision Medicine and Genomic Profiling: Advancements in genomic sequencing technologies have paved the way for precision medicine in cancer treatment. Tailoring therapies based on the genetic makeup of a patient’s tumor has improved treatment efficacy and reduced side effects.

Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection: Liquid biopsies involve the non-invasive analysis of blood or other bodily fluids to detect cancer-related genetic mutations and biomarkers. These tests offer early detection capabilities and real-time monitoring of cancer progression.

Targeted Therapies and Personalized Cancer Drugs: Targeted therapies are designed to specifically inhibit the molecular pathways driving cancer growth. Advances in drug development have led to a wide range of targeted treatments, enhancing the effectiveness of cancer therapy while minimizing collateral damage to healthy cells.

AI and Machine Learning in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are being employed to analyze vast datasets of medical information, aiding in early cancer diagnosis, treatment planning, and predicting patient outcomes. These technologies have the potential to optimize cancer care and streamline research efforts.

These subtopics represent just a fraction of the exciting developments in the biomedical field related to cancer research. Continued research and innovation in these areas are bringing us closer to more effective treatments, early detection methods, and improved patient outcomes in the battle against cancer.

Cancer Care and management

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Cancer Care and management

Introduction: Cancer care and management encompass a comprehensive approach to understanding, diagnosing, treating, and supporting individuals affected by cancer. With advancements in medical science and technology, the field has evolved to provide more personalized and effective care for cancer patients.

Subtopics in Cancer Care and Management:

Early Detection and Screening: Early diagnosis is crucial for successful cancer treatment. This subtopic explores various screening methods, including mammography, colonoscopy, and genetic testing, to detect cancer at its earliest stages.

Treatment Modalities: Cancer treatment options have expanded beyond surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Subtopics here may include immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and precision medicine approaches tailored to individual patient profiles.

Palliative Care and Symptom Management: This subtopic focuses on improving the quality of life for cancer patients through pain management, emotional support, and symptom relief, especially for those in advanced stages of the disease.

Cancer Survivorship: After completing cancer treatment, patients often face ongoing challenges related to physical and emotional well-being. Subtopics here address survivorship care plans, rehabilitation, and psychosocial support.

Cancer Research and Clinical Trials: Ongoing research is essential for advancing cancer care. This subtopic delves into the latest breakthroughs, clinical trials, and innovative therapies on the horizon for cancer patients.

Nutrition and Lifestyle: Nutrition plays a crucial role in cancer prevention and management. Topics may include dietary guidelines, exercise, and lifestyle modifications for cancer patients.

Psychosocial Support: Cancer care extends beyond the physical aspect, and emotional well-being is equally important. Subtopics include counseling, support groups, and addressing the psychological impact of cancer.

Cancer Genetics and Risk Assessment: Understanding the genetic factors contributing to cancer risk and hereditary forms of cancer is vital. Topics may include genetic counseling and testing for high-risk individuals.

Patient-Centered Care: The importance of tailoring cancer care to individual patient needs is growing. This subtopic explores patient-centered approaches, shared decision-making, and patient empowerment in the treatment process.

Global Perspectives on Cancer Care: Different regions and countries face unique challenges in cancer care. This subtopic examines disparities in cancer care access, international collaborations, and global efforts to combat cancer.

These subtopics collectively contribute to a holistic approach to cancer care and management, ensuring that patients receive the best possible care throughout their cancer journey.

Cancer Diagnostics and Staging

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Cancer Diagnostics and Staging

Introduction: Cancer Diagnostics and Staging play a pivotal role in the timely detection and management of cancer, a disease that continues to be a global health challenge. These critical processes involve the identification of cancerous cells, determining their extent and spread within the body, and providing valuable insights for treatment planning.

Subtopics in Cancer Diagnostics and Staging:

Imaging Techniques:

Explore the use of advanced imaging modalities such as MRI, CT scans, PET scans, and ultrasound in cancer diagnosis and staging.

Biopsy Procedures:

Delve into the various biopsy methods, including fine-needle aspiration, core needle biopsy, and surgical biopsy, used to obtain tissue samples for cancer diagnosis.

Molecular and Genetic Markers:

Discuss the significance of genetic and molecular markers like DNA mutations and biomarkers in identifying cancer types and predicting prognosis.

Liquid Biopsies:

Examine the emerging field of liquid biopsies, which utilize blood samples to detect circulating tumor cells and cell-free DNA for early cancer diagnosis.

TNM Staging System:

Explain the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system, a widely accepted method for staging cancers, and its role in determining cancer progression.

These subtopics provide a glimpse into the multifaceted field of Cancer Diagnostics and Staging, which combines medical imaging, laboratory techniques, and clinical assessment to improve the outcomes of cancer patients.

Cancer Drugs and Vaccines

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Cancer Drugs and Vaccines

Introduction: Cancer Drugs and Vaccines are at the forefront of oncology research and treatment, offering promising solutions in the fight against cancer. These innovative therapies aim to improve patient outcomes, enhance survival rates, and provide hope for individuals battling this devastating disease.

Subtopics in Cancer Drugs and Vaccines:

Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment: Immunotherapy harnesses the power of the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. Explore the latest developments in checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade.

Targeted Therapies: Targeted cancer drugs are designed to specifically target cancer cells with minimal damage to healthy tissues. Delve into the mechanisms and effectiveness of these precision therapies.

Vaccine-Based Approaches: Investigate the role of cancer vaccines in preventing or treating various types of cancer. Discover the development and clinical trials of vaccines that stimulate the immune system to recognize and combat cancer cells.

Combination Therapies: Combinatorial approaches involving a mix of drugs, vaccines, and other treatments are gaining traction. Explore how these synergistic combinations are revolutionizing cancer care.

Personalized Medicine: Learn about the concept of tailoring cancer treatments to individual patients based on their genetic and molecular profiles. Explore the advancements in genomic medicine and its impact on cancer drug development.

Resistance Mechanisms: Understand the challenges posed by drug resistance in cancer treatment and how researchers are addressing these issues through innovative strategies.

Emerging Biomarkers: Discover the latest biomarkers used in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection, paving the way for more personalized and effective therapies.

Clinical Trials and Regulatory Challenges: Examine the critical role of clinical trials in evaluating the safety and efficacy of cancer drugs and vaccines, along with the regulatory processes that govern their approval.

Future Trends in Cancer Therapeutics: Explore the cutting-edge technologies and trends shaping the future of cancer treatment, from nanomedicine to gene editing and beyond.

Patient Perspectives and Support: Consider the holistic approach to cancer care, including patient support systems, psychosocial aspects, and quality of life improvements alongside drug and vaccine development.

Cancer Research and Advocacy

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Cancer Research and Advocacy

Introduction: Cancer Research and Advocacy stand as pillars in the global effort to combat cancer, addressing both the scientific exploration of this complex disease and the vital support and awareness needed for patients and their families. Together, they strive to improve prevention, early detection, and treatment while championing the rights and well-being of those affected by cancer.

Subtopics in Cancer Research and Advocacy:

Advancements in Cancer Research: Dive into the latest breakthroughs in cancer research, including novel treatment modalities, understanding cancer genetics, and exploring emerging technologies like artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Patient-Centric Care: Explore the advocacy efforts focused on ensuring patients receive the best possible care, including initiatives to enhance access to treatment, improve patient outcomes, and promote a patient-centered healthcare system.

Early Detection and Screening: Investigate the critical role of early detection in cancer survival rates and advocacy campaigns aimed at raising awareness about the importance of regular screenings and diagnostic tools.

Cancer Prevention and Education: Examine initiatives and programs that educate the public about risk factors, lifestyle choices, and preventive measures to reduce the incidence of cancer.

Support and Survivorship: Learn about the various support networks, survivorship programs, and advocacy efforts dedicated to enhancing the quality of life for cancer survivors and their families, addressing emotional, psychological, and practical needs.

Policy and Legislation: Delve into the advocacy work related to cancer-related policies, funding for research, and healthcare legislation, as well as the impact of these policies on cancer patients and research institutions.

Clinical Trials and Access: Explore how advocacy groups work to improve access to clinical trials, promote transparency in research, and advocate for equitable distribution of innovative cancer therapies.

Global Initiatives: Discover international collaborations and organizations dedicated to advancing cancer research and advocacy efforts on a global scale, addressing disparities in cancer care and research across different regions.

Public Awareness Campaigns: Investigate the effectiveness of public awareness campaigns in raising funds, fostering empathy, and reducing stigma associated with cancer, and how these campaigns drive support for research and patient care.

Survivor and Patient Advocacy: Highlight the role of individuals who have experienced cancer firsthand in advocating for policy changes, increased research funding, and improved patient care, and their impact on the cancer community.

Cancer Treatment, Therapies and Nursing

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Cancer Treatment, Therapies and Nursing

Introduction: Cancer Treatment, Therapies, and Nursing represent the multifaceted approach to addressing cancer, combining cutting-edge medical interventions, supportive care, and compassionate nursing to improve patient outcomes and enhance their quality of life. These components are integral in the comprehensive battle against cancer.

Subtopics in Cancer Treatment, Therapies, and Nursing:

Oncology Nursing and Patient Care: Explore the pivotal role of oncology nurses in providing personalized care, managing symptoms, and offering emotional support to cancer patients throughout their treatment journey.

Surgery in Cancer Treatment: Delve into the various surgical procedures used to remove tumors, biopsy tissues, and reconstruct affected areas, and their significance in the overall cancer treatment plan.

Radiation Therapy: Understand the principles and advancements in radiation therapy, including techniques like IMRT and proton therapy, and how they target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue.

Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapies: Examine the different types of chemotherapy and targeted therapies, their mechanisms of action, and the evolving landscape of drug development in cancer treatment.

Palliative and Supportive Care: Explore the importance of palliative care in managing cancer-related symptoms, improving the patient’s quality of life, and addressing end-of-life considerations, alongside the crucial role of supportive care services.

Integrative and Complementary Therapies: Investigate complementary approaches such as acupuncture, yoga, and mindfulness, which can complement traditional cancer treatments and aid in symptom management and emotional well-being.

Precision Medicine in Oncology: Understand how precision medicine tailors cancer treatment to an individual’s genetic and molecular profile, optimizing therapy selection and minimizing side effects.

Survivorship Programs: Learn about survivorship programs that focus on the long-term health and well-being of cancer survivors, addressing physical, psychological, and social aspects of post-treatment life.

Emerging Therapies and Clinical Trials: Explore promising experimental therapies and the importance of clinical trials in advancing cancer treatment options, as well as the roles

 

Oncology Case Study Reports

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Oncology Case Study Reports

 

Introduction: Case Study Reports serve as invaluable tools in various fields, offering in-depth examinations of specific instances, scenarios, or individuals. They provide a detailed narrative that can shed light on complex issues, inform decision-making, and contribute to the collective knowledge of professionals and researchers.

Subtopics in Case Study Reports:

Medical Case Studies: Explore real-life medical cases that offer insights into rare diseases, treatment approaches, diagnostic challenges, and patient outcomes, providing valuable lessons for healthcare practitioners.

Business and Management Case Studies: Investigate case studies in the business world, analyzing strategic decisions, organizational challenges, market dynamics, and successful management practices that have led to notable outcomes.

Legal Case Studies: Examine legal case reports that highlight landmark court decisions, legal precedents, and significant legal challenges, contributing to a deeper understanding of the legal system and its implications.

Educational Case Studies: Learn from case studies in education, focusing on innovative teaching methods, classroom management strategies, and the impact of educational interventions on student learning and development.

Environmental Case Studies: Explore case reports related to environmental issues, conservation efforts, climate change mitigation, and the consequences of human activities on ecosystems, providing valuable insights into sustainability.

Social Work and Human Services Case Studies: Delve into case studies in the field of social work and human services, which illuminate the complexities of addressing social issues, working with diverse populations, and achieving positive outcomes for individuals and communities.

Psychological Case Studies: Understand psychological case reports that delve into the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders, psychological assessments, and therapeutic interventions, contributing to the field of psychology.

Engineering and Technology Case Studies: Investigate engineering and technology case studies that showcase innovative projects, problem-solving strategies, and technological advancements that have shaped various industries.

Political and Policy Case Studies: Examine case studies in politics and public policy, analyzing government decisions, policy implementations, and their effects on society, governance, and international relations.

Historical Case Studies: Explore historical case reports that offer a detailed examination of specific events, figures, or periods, shedding light on the past and providing lessons for the present and future.

Clinical Oncology

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Clinical Oncology

Introduction: Clinical Oncology is a specialized branch of medicine dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and comprehensive care of individuals with cancer. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines and approaches, all aimed at improving the lives of cancer patients and advancing our understanding of this complex disease.

Subtopics in Clinical Oncology:

Cancer Diagnosis and Staging: Explore the techniques and methods used in clinical oncology for accurate cancer diagnosis, including imaging modalities, biopsies, and staging systems that help determine the extent of cancer spread.

Multidisciplinary Cancer Treatment: Investigate the collaborative approach to cancer care, involving medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, and other specialists who work together to develop personalized treatment plans for patients.

Chemotherapy and Systemic Therapies: Examine the various chemotherapy regimens, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies employed in clinical oncology to treat cancer, with a focus on their mechanisms of action and side-effect management.

Radiation Oncology: Understand the principles of radiation therapy, its use in cancer treatment, and advanced techniques like intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Palliative Care and Supportive Oncology: Delve into the essential role of palliative care in improving the quality of life for cancer patients, managing symptoms, and addressing their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs throughout their cancer journey.