RefleXion Highlights Clinical Study Results for Future Prostate Cancer Treatment

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>July 3, 2023 — RefleXion Medical, Inc., a therapeutic oncology company, today announced that results of a prospective investigator-initiated clinical imaging study conducted on its X1 platform by City of Hope using positron emission tomography (PET) were presented on June 24 during an oral session at the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging (SNMMI) annual meeting in Chicago. The study results serve as the foundation for evaluating the use of RefleXion’s SCINTIX biology-guided radiotherapy with a prostate-specific PET radiotracer for controlling external-beam radiotherapy delivery to prostate cancer tumor targets. City of Hope, one of the largest cancer Research and treatment organizations in the U.S., is among the first in the nation to adopt this new radiotherapy technology that has the potential to change the way metastatic cancer patients are treated. 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Recently cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), SCINTIX technology is the first and only cancer therapy that uses each cancer’s unique biology to autonomously determine where to deliver radiotherapy, second-by-second, during the actual cancer treatment to indicated solid tumors of any stage. SCINTIX therapy uses signals produced by a PET radiotracer interacting with cancer cells to control delivery of external-beam radiotherapy to tumor targets. 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The prostate-specific PET radiotracer used in the presented study – 18F-DCFPyL (PyL) – binds to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein that is expressed in significantly elevated amounts by prostate cancer cells. Also recently approved by the FDA for diagnosing and staging prostate cancer, PyL can accurately and precisely pinpoint tumors in both the prostate and in other body areas where the cancer may have spread or metastasized. 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“It is well established that PyL exquisitely detects tumors present in patients with prostate cancer, but targeting and treating those tumors can be challenging using existing radiotherapy approaches,” said Jeffrey Wong, M.D., professor of the Department of Radiation oncology and the Department of Immunology and Theranostics at City of Hope, and principal investigator of the RefleXion-supported PyL imaging study. “SCINTIX therapy could overcome these barriers, and our study results support continued exploration of leveraging PyL’s precision to expand SCINTIX therapy to patients with prostate cancer.” 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The prospective PyL imaging study established that tumors arising from prostate cancer could be visualized on the RefleXion X1 platform using signals from PyL consistent with PyL diagnostic imaging studies, and that SCINTIX treatment plans could be generated using these data. PSMA-directed SCINTIX treatment plans also met conventional radiotherapy organ dose constraints, suggesting the ability to spare nearby organs and other healthy tissue from potentially damaging radiation. SCINTIX therapy is currently cleared for use with 18F fludeoxyglucose (FDG), a common PET radiotracer, to treat primary and metastatic tumors in the lung and bone. 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“We look forward to offering FDG-directed SCINTIX therapy to our patients in the next several weeks,” said Terence Williams, M.D., Ph.D., professor and chair of City of Hope’s Department of Radiation oncology. “As early collaborators in evaluating SCINTIX technology, it is gratifying to see Research and clinical development efforts already advancing it toward another patient population in great need of improved radiotherapy approaches using the well-characterized benefits of PyL.” 

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Tumour growth can be prevented by removing excess chromosomes from cancer cells: Study

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Tumour growth can be prevented by removing excess chromosomes from cancer cells: Study(Shutterstock)

According to a recent Yale study, cancer cells with additional chromosomes rely on those chromosomes for tumour formation, and removing them stops the cells from growing tumours. The results, according to the researchers, point to the possibility of a novel cancer treatment strategy that specifically targets additional chromosomes. The study was published in the journal Science.

Human cells typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes; extra chromosomes are an anomaly known as aneuploidy.

“If you look at normal skin or normal lung tissue, for example, 99.9% of the cells will have the right number of chromosomes,” said Jason Sheltzer, assistant professor of surgery at Yale School of Medicine and senior author of the study, adding, “But we’ve known for over 100 years that nearly all cancers are aneuploid.”

ALSO READ: cancer can occur at any time or age; symptoms and warning signs to look out for

However, it was unclear what role extra chromosomes played in cancer for instance, whether they cause cancer or are caused by it.

“For a long time, we could observe aneuploidy but not manipulate it. We just didn’t have the right tools,” said Sheltzer, who is also a researcher at Yale cancer Center, adding, “But in this study, we used the gene-engineering technique CRISPR to develop a new approach to eliminate entire chromosomes from cancer cells, which is an important technical advance. Being able to manipulate aneuploid chromosomes in this way will lead to a greater understanding of how they function.”

The study was co-led by former lab members Vishruth Girish, now an M.D.-Ph.D. student at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and Asad Lakhani, now a postdoctoral researcher at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

Using their newly developed approach which they dubbed Restoring Disomy in Aneuploid cells using CRISPR Targeting, or ReDACT the researchers targeted aneuploidy in melanoma, gastric cancer, and ovarian cell lines. Specifically, they removed an aberrant third copy of the long portion also known as the “q arm” of chromosome 1, which is found in several types of cancer, is linked to disease progression, and occurs early in cancer development.

“When we eliminated aneuploidy from the genomes of these cancer cells, it compromised the malignant potential of those cells and they lost their ability to form tumors,” said Sheltzer

Based on this finding, the researchers proposed cancer cells may have an “aneuploidy addiction” — a name referencing earlier Research that discovered that eliminating oncogenes, which can turn a cell into a cancer cell, disrupts cancers’ tumor-forming abilities. This finding led to a model of cancer growth called “oncogene addiction.”

When investigating how an extra copy of chromosome 1q might promote cancer, the researchers found that multiple genes stimulated cancer cell growth when they were overrepresented — because they were encoded on three chromosomes instead of the typical two.

This overexpression of certain genes also pointed the researchers to a vulnerability that might be exploited to target cancers with aneuploidy.

Previous Research has shown that a gene encoded on chromosome 1, known as UCK2, is required to activate certain drugs. In the new study, Sheltzer and his colleagues found that cells with an extra copy of chromosome 1 were more sensitive to those drugs than were cells with just two copies, because of the overexpression of UCK2.

Further, they observed that this sensitivity meant that the drugs could redirect cellular evolution away from aneuploidy, allowing for a cell population with normal chromosome numbers and, therefore, less potential to become cancerous. When researchers created a mixture with 20 per cent aneuploid cells and 80% normal cells, aneuploid cells took over: after nine days, they made up 75 per cent of the mixture. But when the researchers exposed the 20 per cent aneuploid mixture to one of the UCK2-dependent drugs, the aneuploid cells comprised just 4% of the mix nine days later.

“This told us that aneuploidy can potentially function as a therapeutic target for cancer,” said Sheltzer, adding, “Almost all cancers are aneuploid, so if you have some way of selectively targeting those aneuploid cells, that could, theoretically, be a good way to target cancer while having minimal effect on normal, non-cancerous tissue.”

More Research needs to be done before this approach can be tested in a clinical trial. But Sheltzer aims to move this work into animal models, evaluate additional drugs and other aneuploidies, and team up with pharmaceutical companies to advance toward clinical trials.

“We’re very interested in clinical translation,” said Sheltzer, adding, “So we’re thinking about how to expand our discoveries in a therapeutic direction.”

This story has been published from a wire agency feed without modifications to the text. Only the headline has been changed.

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City of Hope scientists develop targeted chemotherapy able to kill all solid tumors in preclinical research

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The City of Hope-developed small molecule AOH1996 targets a cancerous variant of the protein PCNA. In its mutated form, PCNA is critical in DNA replication and repair of all expanding tumors. Here we see untreated cancer cells (left) and cancer cells treated with AOH1996 (right) undergoing programmed cell death (violet). (Photo credit: City of Hope)

Most targeted therapies focus on a single pathway, which enables wily cancer to mutate and eventually become resistant, said Linda Malkas, Ph.D., professor in City of Hope’s Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics and the M.T. & B.A. Ahmadinia Professor in Molecular oncology. However, the cancer-killing pill Malkas has been developing over the past two decades, AOH1996, targets a cancerous variant of PCNA, a protein that in its mutated form is critical in DNA replication and repair of all expanding tumors.

“PCNA is like a major airline terminal hub containing multiple plane gates. Data suggests PCNA is uniquely altered in cancer cells, and this fact allowed us to design a drug that targeted only the form of PCNA in cancer cells. Our cancer-killing pill is like a snowstorm that closes a key airline hub, shutting down all flights in and out only in planes carrying cancer cells,” said Malkas, senior author of the new study published in Cell Chemical Biology today. “Results have been promising. AOH1996 can suppress tumor growth as a monotherapy or combination treatment in cell and animal models without resulting in toxicity. The investigational chemotherapeutic is currently in a Phase 1 clinical trial in humans at City of Hope.”

AOH1996 has been effective in preclinical Research treating cells derived from breast, prostate, brain, ovarian, cervical, skin and lung cancers and is exclusively licensed by City of Hope to RLL, LLC, a Biotechnology company that Malkas co-founded and holds financial interest in.

The researchers tested AOH1996, a small molecule PCNA inhibitor, in more than 70 cancer cell lines and several normal control cells. They found that AOH1996 selectively kills cancer cells by disrupting the normal cell reproductive cycle. It targets something called transcription replication conflicts, which occur when mechanisms responsible for gene expression and genome duplication collide. The investigational therapy prevented cells with damaged DNA from dividing in G2/M phase and from making a copy of faulty DNA in S phase. As a result, AOH1996 caused cancer cell death (apoptosis), but it did not interrupt the reproductive cycle of healthy stem cells.

“No one has ever targeted PCNA as a therapeutic because it was viewed as ‘Conference-registration-gbp/”>Undruggable,’ but clearly City of Hope was able to develop an investigational medicine for a challenging protein target,” said Long Gu, Ph.D., lead author of the study and an associate Research professor in the Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics at Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope. “We discovered that PCNA is one of the potential causes of increased nucleic acid replication errors in cancer cells. Now that we know the problem area and can inhibit it, we will dig deeper to understand the process to develop more personalized, targeted cancer medicines.”

Interestingly, experiments showed that the investigational pill made cancer cells more susceptible to chemical agents that cause DNA or chromosome damage, such as the Award-call-for-profile/”>Chemotherapy drug cisplatin, hinting that AOH1996 could become a useful tool in combination therapies as well as for the development of new chemotherapeutics.

“City of Hope has world leaders in cancer Research. They also have the infrastructure to drive translational drug discovery from the laboratory into the clinic for patients in need,” said Daniel Von Hoff, M.D., study co-author and a distinguished professor at Translational Genomics Research Institute, part of City of Hope.

City of Hope’s groundbreaking translational Research history includes developing the technology underlying synthetic human insulin, a breakthrough in diabetes management, and monoclonal antibodies, which are integral to widely used, lifesaving cancer drugs, such as trastuzumab, rituximab and cetuximab.

As a next step, the researchers will look to better understand the mechanism of action to further improve the ongoing clinical trial in humans. Individuals interested in the Phase 1 clinical trial should review the eligibility requirements at clinicaltrials.gov. If eligible, call 626-218-1133 or visit City of Hope’s clinical trials webpage.

The Cell Chemical Biology study entitled “Small Molecule Targeting of Transcription-Replication Conflict for Selective Award-call-for-profile/”>Chemotherapy” was supported by the Department of Defense (W81XWH-11-1-0786, W81XWH-19-1-0326 under BC181474 and BC181474P1), National Institutes of Health/National cancer Institute (R01 CA121289, R01 CA225843), St Baldrick’s Foundation, the Alex Lemonade Stand Foundation, Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP-T31IP626), Melanoma Research Foundation (MRF-717178), the ANNA Fund, RDL Foundation, Analytical Pharmacology Core supported by the National cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (P30CA033572).

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Transparent mouse could improve cancer drug tests

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>A new scanning method involving a see-through mouse could improve how cancer drugs are tested, by picking up tumours previously too small to detect.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Prof Ali Ertürk of the Helmholtz Munich Research centre worked out how to make a dead mouse transparent in 2018.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>His team have now used chemicals to highlight specific tissues so that they can be scanned in unprecedented detail.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>drugs are often tested first on mice. Scientists say the new scanning method could revolutionise medical Research.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>cancer Research UK said the new scanning technique had “a wealth of potential”.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The researchers say the method reveals far greater detail than existing scanning techniques. In one of the first applications the team has detected cancerous tumours in the first stages of formation.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Prof Ertürk says this is important because cancer drugs have to be shown to eliminate tumours in mice before being tested on humans.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>”MRI and PET scans would show you only big tumours. Ours show tumours at the single cell, which they absolutely can’t”.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>”Current drugs extend life by a few years and then the cancer comes back. This is because the development process never included eliminating those tiny tumours, which were never visible.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Normally lab mice are given cancer and scanned with conventional scans to see how the tumour has progressed. They are then treated with the cancer drug being tested and then scanned again to see what if any difference the treatment has had.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Prof Ertürk’s scanning method can only be used on dead mice, to give a picture of how much cancer has progressed, or potentially, whether a treatment has worked. He made mice transparent after they were given cancer and then scanned them using his new technique. Only a few mice would need to be made transparent to test the effectiveness of the drug.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Dr Rupal Mistry, Research information manager at cancer Research UK, said:

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>”This exciting and unique scanning technique has a wealth of potential for building our knowledge of how our bodies work and what goes wrong in diseases like cancer.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>”While researchers will only be able to use the technique to examine the bodies of deceased mice, it could tell us a lot about how cancer develops at the early stages of the disease. Being able to visualise tumours in the context of the entire body will also give researchers a greater understanding of the impact of different drugs and treatment.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>”Advances in technology like this are essential to driving progress and will hopefully lead to new ways to detect, treat and prevent cancer.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The cancer application, published in the journal Nature Biotechnology, is just one of hundreds if not thousands to which the new scanning technique can be used to improve medical studies. It can enable researchers to see things they have never seen before.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Mouse studies are often the starting point for learning about processes in the human body. But the new technique can be used on any animals. It could also be used to make human tissues and organs transparent, though it is unlikely to be used to make an entire human body transparent in the near future because there would be no medical advances that could be made from it at this stage.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Creation of the transparent mouse involves removing all the fats and pigment from its corpse, using a chemical process. It ends up looking like a clear plastic toy, which is ever so slightly bendy. Its organs and nerves are all still inside it – but near invisible.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>While Prof Ertürk’s developed the process to make a mouse transparent five years ago, the scanning technique makes the most of it.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>He has found a way of adding other chemicals known as antibodies to highlight the parts of the mouse he is interested in studying under a microscope. Different antibodies stick to different types of tissue and so highlight whatever the researchers are interested in looking at.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>As well as highlighting cancerous areas, Prof Ertürk’s team has produced a suite of Videos which enable researchers to fly through the mouse’s nervous system, gut or lymph system.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The scans have several advantages over what is available now.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>First, the researchers can study diseases in the context of the entire body, which gives them a much greater understanding of the impact of different drugs and treatments.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The 3D images are also stored online, so researchers studying different parts of the animal or wanting to do the same experiment can draw from a library, rather than having to use another mouse. Prof Ertürk believes that the technique could reduce lab animal use tenfold.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Dr Nana-Jane Chipampe, of the Wellcome Sanger Institute in Cambridge, is excited at the prospect of using the new scanning technique to study how cells develop in the human body. Currently she has to slice up tissues into very thin sections to study them under a microscope. Soon she will be able to see details in 3D.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>”I can’t wait to get my hands on it!” she told me enthusiastically.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>”It has the potential to identify new tissues, cells and diseases which will really help us understand the development of diseases.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Her team leader, Prof Muzlifah Haniffa, is producing an online map or atlas of every cell in the human body. She says the new scanning technique will be useful for all kinds of medical Research.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>”Without a doubt, it will accelerate the pace of medical Research,” she said. “Combining these cutting-edge technologies and building the human cell atlas will no doubt completely revolutionise medicine.”

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Cannabis Effective at Reducing Symptoms in Children With Cancer, but More Research Needed

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Children with cancer who suffer from multiple symptoms related to the disease and its treatment can benefit from the use of cannabis, but more Research needs to be done on correct dosing and safety, according to a recent study published in the journal cancer.1

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Survival rates in childhood cancer have significantly improved thanks to the development of advanced diagnostic, surgical, and radiation techniques. However, these new technologies have come with numerous treatment-related side effects, including nausea, vomiting, pain, and anorexia, which are often uncontrolled.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Cannabis products have gained popularity over the last decade to manage these symptoms in children with cancer, but little is currently known about its safety, efficacy, and dosing in this patient population.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“Pediatric oncologists are understandably reluctant to authorize cannabis because of a lack of evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of its use in children with cancer,” the authors of the study wrote.1 “There is a strong need to map the evidence on the current use of cannabinoids in children with cancer to inform the development of clinical trials evaluating the safety, dosing, and efficacy of various cannabis products in children with cancer.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Investigators from the University of Manitoba conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the literature on the use of medical cannabis for symptom management in children with cancer. Data was gathered from 4 different databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>A total of 34611 total citations were identified based on types of cannabis products, doses, formulations, frequencies, routes of administration, indications, clinical and demographic details, reported efficacy outcomes, and adverse events. Of those, 19 studies consisting of 1927 participants were included in the study.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Investigators found that the studies reported various cannabis products for the management of different symptoms, the most common of which was Award-call-for-profile/”>Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Adverse events associated with the use of cannabis products included somnolence, dizziness, and dry mouth.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Additionally, there were no serious adverse events related to the use of cannabis for the management of cancer-related symptoms in children across all of the studies that were included.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“It was difficult to measure benefit across studies, given a range of different outcomes and study designs; however, in interventional studies with active control groups, cannabinoids performed better in managing nausea and vomiting,” Lauren E. Kelly, PhD, lead author on the study, said in a release.2 “Data are lacking on cannabinoids’ effects on pain, mood, sleep, and health-related quality of life.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Study limitations include number of studies included in the review, lack of uniformity in the outcomes of the included studies, inability to conduct quantitative synthesis of outcome data due to a high variability in reporting of data, and no included case-controlled or cohort studies in the review.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“Given that some children report benefits and some children experience adverse events, it is critical that more rigorous studies evaluating the effects of cannabinoids on children with cancer are conducted and shared with parents, patients, and the health care community,” Kelly said.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>References
oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>1. Chhabra, M, Ben-Eltriki, M, Paul, A, et al. Cannabinoids for symptom management in children with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. cancer. 2023; 1-15. doi:10.1002/cncr.34920
oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>2. Are cannabis products safe and effective for reducing symptoms in children with cancer? News Release. University of Manitoba. August 28, 2023. Accessed August 28, 2023. https://News.umanitoba.ca/are-cannabis-products-safe-and-effective-for-reducing-symptoms-in-children-with-cancer/

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Study Takes Step Toward Treating Chemotherapy-Resistant Prostate Cancer

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oncology.pencis.com/”>oncology.pencis.com/”>

oncology.pencis.com/”>Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death among American men, and it’s resistant to one of the most powerful Award-call-for-profile/”>Chemotherapy medications — cisplatin. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Central Science have developed the first therapy of its kind that disrupts prostate cancer cells’ metabolism and releases cisplatin into the weakened cells, causing them to die. In mouse models, an orally administered version shrunk tumors substantially.

oncology.pencis.com/”>Cisplatin attacks testicular, breast, bladder, lung and ovarian cancer cells, damages their DNA and effectively destroys tumors. However, it’s not effective against prostate cancer for reasons that are unclear to scientists, and many advanced cases of the disease don’t respond to other therapies, such as Award-registration/”>Androgen deprivation. Previously, researchers have shown in mouse models that as the disease advances, tumor cells shift from glycolysis toward fatty acid oxidation to support their growth and division. So, Shanta Dhar and colleagues from Sylvester Comprehensive cancer Center at the University of Miami wanted to develop a therapy that would inhibit fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells by targeting a mitochondrial protein that is vital to the metabolic process, making the cells susceptible to cisplatin.

oncology.pencis.com/”>The researchers verified that human prostate cancer cells thrive using fatty acid oxidation by assessing the biopsies of 38 people with the disease. Then they screened several cisplatin-containing prodrug compounds, which release the platinum-based molecule when they’re broken down, to see if they could inhibit fatty acid oxidation. The cisplatin prodrug Platin-L, which has a cisplatin molecule bound to a 12-carbon fatty acid on one side and succinate on the other side, had the greatest effect by binding to a key protein required for long chain fatty acid transport, a primary step in this metabolic process. And in trials, Platin-L reduced the growth of prostate cancer cells by over 50% in several different cell lines.

oncology.pencis.com/”>To develop a treatment that could be taken orally, the researchers encapsulated Platin-L in nanoparticles made with a biocompatible polymer that targeted prostate cancer cells. They administered the nanoparticles to mouse models with cisplatin-resistant prostate cancer and observed that the tumors shrunk, whereas tumors in animals treated with saline or cisplatin grew. Additionally, the Platin-L Nanoparticle-treated mice had steady body weight, increased survival rates and didn’t display peripheral neuropathy. Because the treatment affects fatty acid metabolism, which can be elevated in other types of cancers, the researchers say their type of additive Platin-L therapy may also be applicable to additional aggressive and Award-call-for-profile/”>Chemotherapy-resistant cancers.

oncology.pencis.com/”>Reference: Kalathil AA, Guin S, Ashokan A, et al. New pathway for cisplatin prodrug to utilize metabolic substrate preference to overcome cancer intrinsic resistance. ACS Cent Sci. 2023. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00286

#OncologyConference #CancerResearch #OncologyAwards #CancerTreatment #OncologyCommunity #CancerCare #OncologyEducation #CancerSurvivorship #OncologyInnovation #CancerAwareness #OncologyLeadership #CancerPrevention #OncologyExcellence #CancerBreakthroughs #OncologyCollaboration #CancerAdvancements #OncologyImpact #CancerPatientsFirst #OncologyFuture #OncologyInspiration #CancerFighters #OncologyHeroes #CancerAwarenessMonth #OncologyProgress #CancerSolutions #OncologyExperts #CancerSurvivors #shorts #shortsvideo #cancerConference #OncologyConference #pencis #oncologyconference #CardioOnc #radonc #medonc #caxtx #GeriOnc #psyonc #oncorn #hsronc #camets #cancer #fuckcancer #cancersucks #breastcancerawareness #breastcancer #cancermemes #cancerousmemes #cancersurvivor #cancerawareness #cancerdemama #breastcancerawarenessmonth #cancerresearch #fightcancer #childhoodcancerawareness #beatcancer #childhoodcancer #cancerseason #breastcancersurvivor #cancerfree #cancerfighter #cancerous #fcancer #cancerwarrior #teamcancer #ovariancancer #americancancersociety #standuptocancer #cancerresearchuk #cancersupport #skincancer #cancermeme #cancer #feminismiscancer #curecancer #anticancer #cancerzodiac #prostatecancer #cancers #fucancer #pediatriccancer #cancerawareness #beatcancer #cancersucks #cancerresearch #cancerfighter #cancerwarrior #cancertreatment #cancersurvivor #cancerprevention #cancerawarenessmonth #cancerpatientsupport #breastcancer #prostatecancer #lungcancer #coloncancer #ovariancancer #pancreaticcancer #leukemia #Conference-registration-usd/”>Lymphoma #melanoma #braincancer #childhoodcancer #cancerfree #oncology #cancercare #cancerdiagnosis #cancerribbon #cancerjourney

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New AI drug discovery collaboration aims to design new precision cancer drugs

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Researchers are set to to combine expertise in drug discovery, artificial intelligence (AI), and experimental cancer models and platforms in a new programme to design the precision cancer drugs of the future.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Under an academic and commercial collaboration between The Institute of cancer Research, London, the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, and the company Vivan Therapeutics, a multi-disciplinary team will seek to create drugs that can counteract drug resistance.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Drug resistance – where cancer adapts, evolves and becomes resistant to treatment – is one of the biggest challenges in cancer Research. Although a drug targeted at a specific weakness in a person’s cancer may initially be effective at stopping cancer growth, their tumour may develop resistance over time.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The team will have a particular focus on creating drugs that could target KRAS, a notorious cancer-driving protein. Few currently approved drugs target KRAS, and patients usually become resistant within months to those that are available.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Scientists at The Institute of cancer Research (ICR) led by Professor Paul Workman, a world leader in the discovery of small-molecule cancer drugs, and Dr Albert Antolin at IDIBELL, who is developing new strategies based on Big Data and AI to power drug design, will work with Vivan Therapeutics to create new, more effective targeted cancer drugs that could be less prone to the problem of resistance.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The Research team aims to design and develop small molecules that could simultaneously target multiple weaknesses in cancers with faults in KRAS.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Vivan Therapeutics has developed a collection of fruit fly models that have faults in KRAS, either alone or in combination with other gene faults that drive cancer growth. The company has also developed a technology platform to enable testing of cancer therapies at a high-throughput level.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Dr Antolin will use sophisticated new computational methods to identify promising compounds that could target both KRAS and other cancer-driving proteins.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Professor Workman will bring his extensive experience in drug discovery, and potentially test small molecules discovered in this project on cancer cells in his laboratory before testing the most promising compounds in fly models developed by Vivan.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The team’s ultimate goal is to find compounds that can effectively slow the growth of cancer in selected fly models, which could then progress onto the next stage of drug discovery and development.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Professor Paul Workman, Group Leader of the Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team at the ICR, said:

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“I’m very much looking forward to working with the teams at IDIBELL and Vivan. Our goal is to find safe and effective new drugs that are less likely to evoke resistance than current drugs, by targeting multiple weaknesses in cancer at once – and that ultimately benefit cancer patients by giving them new treatment options that last longer than those that are currently available.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Dr Albert Antolin, principal investigator at IDIBELL, said:

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“I am really excited about this multi-disciplinary, industry-academia collaboration because the partners bring in very different and complementary expertise to tackle an important challenge that could make a big difference to many patients with cancers that harbour KRAS mutations.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Laura Towart, CEO of Vivan Therapeutics said:

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“We are thrilled to work with the Antolin and Workman labs to pioneer new therapies for hard to treat cancers. We utilise our in vivo high throughput drug screening platform to identify combinations of approved drugs to personalise patient treatment today but we are also committed to developing therapies of the future.”

#OncologyConference #CancerResearch #OncologyAwards #CancerTreatment #OncologyCommunity #CancerCare #OncologyEducation #CancerSurvivorship #OncologyInnovation #CancerAwareness #OncologyLeadership #CancerPrevention #OncologyExcellence #CancerBreakthroughs #OncologyCollaboration #CancerAdvancements #OncologyImpact #CancerPatientsFirst #OncologyFuture #OncologyInspiration #CancerFighters #OncologyHeroes #CancerAwarenessMonth  #OncologyProgress #CancerSolutions #OncologyExperts #CancerSurvivors  #shorts #shortsvideo #cancerConference #OncologyConference #pencis #oncologyconference  #CardioOnc  #radonc #medonc #caxtx #GeriOnc #psyonc #oncorn #hsronc #camets #cancer #fuckcancer #cancersucks #breastcancerawareness #breastcancer #cancermemes #cancerousmemes #cancersurvivor #cancerawareness #cancerdemama #breastcancerawarenessmonth #cancerresearch #fightcancer #childhoodcancerawareness #beatcancer #childhoodcancer #cancerseason #breastcancersurvivor #cancerfree #cancerfighter #cancerous #fcancer #cancerwarrior #teamcancer #ovariancancer #americancancersociety #standuptocancer #cancerresearchuk #cancersupport #skincancer #cancermeme #cancer #feminismiscancer #curecancer #anticancer #cancerzodiac #prostatecancer #cancers #fucancer #pediatriccancer  #cancerawareness #beatcancer #cancersucks #cancerresearch #cancerfighter #cancerwarrior #cancertreatment #cancersurvivor #cancerprevention #cancerawarenessmonth #cancerpatientsupport #breastcancer #prostatecancer #lungcancer #coloncancer #ovariancancer #pancreaticcancer #leukemia #Conference-registration-usd/”>Lymphoma #melanoma #braincancer #childhoodcancer #cancerfree #oncology #cancercare #cancerdiagnosis #cancerribbon #cancerjourney

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Study explores the use of existing medicines to revolutionize cancer treatment

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”> In a recent study published in the journal of Genes & Diseases, Research team led by Lu explores the potential for the use of FDA-approved hypertension and EMA-approved cough medicines to revolutionize cancer treatment.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>cancer continues to be a pressing global health challenge, with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and breast cancer (BC) ranking among the most prevalent and deadly. As the need for more effective, safe, and economical cancer treatment options intensifies, a team of scientists has discovered a promising breakthrough in the form of existing U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved drugs.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) overexpression has been linked to promoting the tumor phenotype in several cancers. Using an innovative AlphaLISA-based high-throughput screening method, the Research team identified Candesartan cilexetil (Can), an FDA-approved hypertension drug, and Cloperastine hydrochloride (Clo), an EMA-approved cough suppressant, as possessing notable PRMT5-inhibitory activity. Remarkably, the researchers validated the anti-tumor properties of these drugs using cancer phenotypic assays in vitro, confirming the reduction of both NF-κB methylation and its subsequent activation upon drug treatment.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>These findings provide compelling grounds for considering Can and Clo as anti-PRMT5 cancer therapies. The potential safe and rapid repurposing of these previously unknown PRMT5 inhibitors into clinical practice could save significant resources, streamline processes, and ultimately expedite the delivery of much-needed treatments to cancer patients.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The concept of drug repurposing, particularly for drugs approved by the FDA or EMA, is not new. It has been widely adopted in drug discovery and development, delivering several success stories, such as Sildenafil (Viagra®), initially developed for hypertension and later repurposed to treat erectile dysfunction. The appeal lies in the established safety, efficacy, formulation, and toxicity profiles of such drugs. Repurposed drugs can reach approval up to 3-12 years faster and at approximately 50% lower cost compared to novel drugs. The current Research targets PDAC, CRC, and BC, responsible for a significant number of cancer-related deaths. Despite available Award-call-for-profile/”>Chemotherapy and targeted therapies, mortality rates continue to rise, and the costs associated with developing new treatments and patient care are astronomically high. This necessitates fast-paced, cost-effective solutions such as the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Detailed in the study, Can and Clo were found to significantly reduce cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. The researchers employed in silico prediction methods to identify critical residues on PRMT5 targeted by these drugs, potentially interfering with its enzymatic activity. Consequently, these drugs exhibited marked reduction in tumor growth in vivo. Moving forward, the team is optimistic about exploiting PRMT5 as a therapeutic target for these cancers. This breakthrough in the cancer treatment landscape paves the way for future Research and applications, particularly in accelerating the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs and, in turn, the clinical treatment of some of the deadliest cancers.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The study reinforces the critical role of drug repurposing in streamlining the lengthy and costly Drug Development process. It further underscores the potential of repurposed drugs in uncovering novel treatment targets, potentially transforming the cancer treatment landscape and providing an effective, safe, and economical solution for cancer patients. Despite these promising findings, further Research is required to explore the full potential of these market drugs as cancer therapies. The team remains dedicated to the pursuit of innovative solutions in the battle against cancer and hopeful for the future of cancer treatment.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Source:

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>TranSpread

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Journal reference:

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.001

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How a simple blood test can help detect lung cancer earlier

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  • oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide.
  • oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The overall lung cancer five-year survival rate is about 25%, which varies depending on the type of cancer and how early it was detected.
  • oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson cancer Center have developed a Blood test that they say can help predict a person’s risk of dying from lung cancer when combined with a lung cancer risk model.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Lung cancer is considered the leading causeTrusted Source of cancer death worldwide.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Previous Research shows lung cancer causes three times as many deaths in men as prostate cancer and three times as many deaths in women as breast cancer.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The survival rate for people with lung cancer depends on the type of cancer and how quickly it is diagnosed.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>For example, the overall lung cancer five-year survival rateTrusted Source is about 25%. However, that increases to about 63% if the cancer is detected when only in the lungs. For lung cancer that spreads to other body organs, the five-year survival rate drops to about 8%.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Now, researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson cancer Center have developed a Blood test they say can help predict a person’s risk of dying from lung cancer when combined with a lung cancer risk modelTrusted Source.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>This study was recently published in the Journal of Clinical oncology.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Why are lung cancer mortality risk tests needed? 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Because lung cancer symptoms may not develop until it is at a later stage, only about 16% of cases are diagnosed at an early stage.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>This is important because the earlier lung cancer is detected, the better a person’s outlook will be.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide,” said Dr. Edwin Ostrin, an assistant professor of general internal medicine at The University of Texas MD Anderson cancer Center and co-corresponding author of this study.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“A major reason for this is that small lung cancers usually do not lead to symptoms and around two-thirds of lung cancers are thus diagnosed when they are large and have already started to spread,” Ostrin explained to Medical News Today.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“While we have made tremendous headway in treating both early and late-stage lung cancer, long-term survival is dramatically lower in more advanced lung cancer,” he added. “Any tools to provide early detection of lung cancer, and thus shift the stage at diagnosis to an earlier stage, would save lives.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Why a Blood test for lung cancer? 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>According to Ostrin, doctors have known since 2011 that for those at the highest risk for lung cancer — those with a significant smoking history — screening using an annual low-dose computerized tomography (CT) scan can reduce death from lung cancer by 20%.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“However, only those with the heaviest smoking history are eligible for CT-based screening,” he said. “Additionally, screening finds lots of indeterminate pulmonary nodulesTrusted Source, the vast majority of which are not cancer but still require follow-up.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>For this reason, Ostrin and his colleagues have been working on a four-protein biomarker panel (4MP) for lung cancer early detection for most of the past decade.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“The Blood test is a simple measurement of four proteins measured using immunoassayTrusted Source,” he explained. “Lab tests measuring Blood proteins, including tests like prostate specific antigenTrusted Source or even pregnancy tests are almost universally measured in a similar fashion. Immunoassays are reliable, accurate, and inexpensive, and can be rapidly deployed into a variety of healthcare settings.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The journey to a new lung cancer test 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Ostrin and his team first publishedTrusted Source their work in JAMA oncology in 2018, where their findings showed the ability to identify those at risk for developing lung cancer when combined with smoking history.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“In 2021, we revealedTrusted Source that the same panel could help to identify which indeterminate findings found on chest CT could be cancers and which were more likely to be benign,” Ostrin noted.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Then in 2022, Ostrin and his team published a Journal of Clinical oncology paperTrusted Source, where, using samples from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) studyTrusted Source, the 4MP improved upon a well-validated clinical lung cancer risk score (PLCOm2012) to identify those at highest risk for cancer.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“The combination of 4MP+PLCOm2012 performed better when it came to identifying those who may benefit from CT-based screening versus the current or previous criteria and thus could be a key tool to improving lung cancer screening, especially if combined with the ability of the 4MP to help sort out indeterminate findings after a CT,” Ostrin said.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Lung cancer Blood test current Research 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>In this study, Ostrin said his team has now reanalyzed data from the PLCO trial, instead looking at lung cancer death.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“Individuals enrolled in PLCO were meticulously followed for as long as 20 years after enrollment,” he explained. “This allowed us to evaluate how the 4MP performed not only in predicting the development of lung cancer but in predicting those who may develop lethal lung cancer. This emphasizes the potential usefulness of the 4MP in CT-based screening because those at (the) highest risk (of) dying from lung cancer would presumably benefit the most from earlier detection of cancer at an earlier stage when it is more curable.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>For this study, researchers analyzed pre-diagnostic Blood samples from more than 2,700 participants in the PLCO cancer screening trial. Of those analyzed, 552 participants later developed lung cancer and slightly more than 2,100 did not.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Of the 552 participants diagnosed with lung cancer during the six-year study period, 70% died from the disease.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Using hazard ratios, scientists evaluated the relationship between the combined risk scores generated by the use of the 4MP Blood test and lung cancer risk model against lung cancer death incidence.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Researchers found the combination risk scores showed improved sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value when compared to the 2013 and 2021 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteriaTrusted Source for predicting lung cancer-specific mortality among individuals who smoked at least 10 pack-years.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Research next steps

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>As for the next steps for the 4MP Blood test, Ostrin said they are actively working to develop it into a clinical-grade test and hope to have it ready within the next few months.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Ostrin said they will also be looking to answer other questions, such as how the 4MP Blood test could be used for early lung cancer detection in people with light or no tobacco use history.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Ostrin’s broader lab group is also taking parallel approaches they used for the 4MP and looking at other cancers, including pancreatic, breast, gastric, and colorectal cancer.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“In the end, we conceive of a situation where these tests could be combined into accurate and inexpensive Blood tests to indicate cancer risk from a variety of cancers,” he said. “Such a test may become part of a yearly assessment of health risk, much the way cholesterol and Blood pressure checks are used to assess risk from cardiovascular disease.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Improving assessment of lung cancer

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Medical News Today also spoke with Dr. Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, the deputy director, Fernandez Family Foundation Endowed Chair in cancer Research, chief of medical oncology, and chief scientific officer of Miami cancer Institute, part of Baptist Health, about this study.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Ahluwalia said it is important to be able to predict a person’s lung cancer early as it is often diagnosed at later stages and stage 4 lung cancerTrusted Source is incurable.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“Hence if using effective screening we can diagnose more people at early stages 1 and 2Trusted Source we can cure more people with lung cancer,” Ahluwalia said. “Estimating an individual’s risk of contracting lung cancer can effectively diagnose lung cancer at earlier stages with a screening low-dose CTTrusted Source (LDCT) where treatment modalities offer a more concrete solution.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“The proposed model of incorporating biomarker and subject characteristics offers improved means for individualized risk assessment for lung cancer, compared to the current USPSTF criteria,” he added.

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Biomarker To Help Improve Lung Cancer Treatment Identified

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”> 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>cancer-treatment-identified-377552-1280×720.webp” width=”320″ />

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Nonsmokers who develop lung cancer can be treated effectively with new drugs, but their tumors refuse to surrender without a fight. The drugs stop working in the long term because the tumors acquire secondary mutations that allow them to evade the medications’ therapeutic effect.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>In Research published today in the journal Cell Reports Medicine, investigators from the Weizmann Institute of Science report findings that may lead to relapse-free treatment for a sizeable subgroup of lung cancer patients. In a study in mice, the scientists have identified a biomarker that may help physicians select lung cancer patients who can be treated with a single antibody-based drug that is likely to bring about full remission, without cancer relapse.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“We have found a potential biomarker that may change the way patients with lung cancer are treated worldwide,” says Prof. Yosef Yarden of Weizmann’s Immunology and Regenerative Biology Department, who led the study. “Similar to how the presence of BRCA mutations predicts how breast and ovarian cancer patients will respond to drugs, the new biomarker might make it possible to match some lung cancer patients with the specific medication most likely to help them.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Focusing on the mutations that matter

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Most lung cancers are due to tobacco smoking, but the second-largest fraction of cases affects nonsmokers, and it’s characterized by mutations in a gene called EGFR. The current Research began when Dr. Ilaria Marrocco, then a postdoctoral researcher in Yarden’s lab, reviewed the literature from clinical trials and realized that all patients with EGFR-positive lung cancer were being treated using the same multidrug protocol – regardless of which of the 30 known EGFR mutations were harbored in their individual tumors. These patients eventually developed drug resistance that led to cancer relapse. Marrocco wondered whether, by sorting lung tumors according to specific EGFR mutations, it might be possible to create a more personalized drug protocol and achieve better results.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>”Similar to how the presence of BRCA mutations predicts how breast cancer patients will respond to drugs, the new biomarker might make it possible to match lung cancer patients with a specific medication”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“Dr. Marrocco’s observation inspired us to search for a biomarker that would predict which patients would respond well to therapy, according to the specific mutations they carry,” says Yarden. The scientists decided to focus on one of the two most common gene variants associated with EGFR in lung cancer: the L858R mutation, in which a single amino acid, out of several hundred, is replaced with another one, at point 858 in EGFR. This mutation occurs in about 40 percent of lung cancer patients whose tumors are characterized by EGFR mutations.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The scientists chose to study L858R because, unlike other mutations that affect EGFR, it has a unique impact on EGFR function. “Unlike all other mutations, this mutation requires that receptors pair up in the cancer cell membrane, after which, signals instructing the cell to start replicating are sent to the nucleus,” Yarden explains. “Using a mouse model of lung cancer with the L858R mutation, we discovered that, if this pairing does not occur, it’s like a short-circuit – the signal to initiate cellular replication cannot be sent to the nucleus, and the tumor does not grow.”

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The researchers then blocked the pairing by treating the mice with an antibody drug called cetuximab, known by its trade name Erbitux, developed on the basis of Research by Yarden and the late Prof. Michael Sela. Erbitux has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of colon and head and neck cancers.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“After the treatment with Erbitux, the lung tumors of mice shrank and did not reappear, not even after a long while,” Yarden says. “These results indicate that, for the large number of human lung cancer patients who have the L858R mutation, a single drug might offer a path toward full recovery, without the devastating phenomenon of cancer relapse.”

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The new study also explains why previous attempts to treat EGFR-mutated lung cancer with Erbitux had failed or, at best, produced conflicting results. Explains Yarden: “Since new EGFR inhibitors were approved as lung cancer drugs nearly 10 years ago, all patients now receive these anti-EGFR medications, irrespective of the identity and number of their EGFR mutations. They are highly effective for a while, but they permit the emergence of secondary mutations that accelerate cancer relapse. By the time Erbitux is given, it is usually ineffective because it can work only against certain EGFR mutations. Our study demonstrates the importance of preselecting lung cancer patients who can be effectively treated with Erbitux from the start, based on their mutation profile.”

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The scientists say that the next step would be to launch a clinical trial to establish the effectiveness of this treatment for human lung cancer patients, something that will be made easier by the fact that Erbitux has already been approved for treating other cancer types. In the meantime, Yarden and Marrocco are excited about the potential for their Research to eventually have an impact on clinical practice. Marrocco: “The L858R biomarker could help save lives by offering physicians a way to provide personalized drug treatment for lung cancer patients who carry the relevant mutation.”

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Reference: Marrocco I, Giri S, Simoni-Nieves A, et al. L858R emerges as a potential biomarker predicting response of lung cancer models to anti-EGFR antibodies: Comparison of osimertinib vs. cetuximab. CR Med. 2023;0(0). doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101142

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