Introduction: The history and evolution of oncology, the branch of medicine dedicated to the study and treatment of cancer, is a testament to humanity's ongoing battle against one of the most challenging diseases. Over centuries, the understanding of cancer has progressed from mysticism to science, leading to significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment.

Subtopics:

Ancient Perceptions of Cancer : Explore how cancer was perceived in ancient civilizations like Egypt and Greece, where it was often associated with mythical beliefs and limited medical knowledge.

Early Medical Observations : Delve into the early medical writings and observations of cancer, from the works of Hippocrates to Galen, which laid the foundation for later developments.

Emergence of Surgical Interventions : Examine the pioneering surgical techniques and innovations by figures like John Hunter and William Halsted, which marked the initial attempts to treat cancer through surgery.

Rise of Radiation Therapy : Trace the historical development of radiation therapy, from Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen's discovery of X-rays to the advent of modern radiotherapy techniques.

Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapies : Explore the evolution of chemotherapy and targeted therapies, highlighting milestones like the discovery of the first chemotherapeutic agents and the emergence of precision medicine in oncology.