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• oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide.
• oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The overall lung cancer five-year survival rate is about 25%, which varies depending on the type of cancer and how early it was detected.
• oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson cancer Center have developed a Blood test that they say can help predict a person’s risk of dying from lung cancer when combined with a lung cancer risk model.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Lung cancer is considered the leading causeTrusted Source of cancer death worldwide.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Previous Research shows lung cancer causes three times as many deaths in men as prostate cancer and three times as many deaths in women as breast cancer.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The survival rate for people with lung cancer depends on the type of cancer and how quickly it is diagnosed.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>For example, the overall lung cancer five-year survival rateTrusted Source is about 25%. However, that increases to about 63% if the cancer is detected when only in the lungs. For lung cancer that spreads to other body organs, the five-year survival rate drops to about 8%.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Now, researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson cancer Center have developed a Blood test they say can help predict a person’s risk of dying from lung cancer when combined with a lung cancer risk modelTrusted Source.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>This study was recently published in the Journal of Clinical oncology.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Why are lung cancer mortality risk tests needed? 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Because lung cancer symptoms may not develop until it is at a later stage, only about 16% of cases are diagnosed at an early stage.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>This is important because the earlier lung cancer is detected, the better a person’s outlook will be.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide,” said Dr. Edwin Ostrin, an assistant professor of general internal medicine at The University of Texas MD Anderson cancer Center and co-corresponding author of this study.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“A major reason for this is that small lung cancers usually do not lead to symptoms and around two-thirds of lung cancers are thus diagnosed when they are large and have already started to spread,” Ostrin explained to Medical News Today.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“While we have made tremendous headway in treating both early and late-stage lung cancer, long-term survival is dramatically lower in more advanced lung cancer,” he added. “Any tools to provide early detection of lung cancer, and thus shift the stage at diagnosis to an earlier stage, would save lives.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Why a Blood test for lung cancer? 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>According to Ostrin, doctors have known since 2011 that for those at the highest risk for lung cancer — those with a significant smoking history — screening using an annual low-dose computerized tomography (CT) scan can reduce death from lung cancer by 20%.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“However, only those with the heaviest smoking history are eligible for CT-based screening,” he said. “Additionally, screening finds lots of indeterminate pulmonary nodulesTrusted Source, the vast majority of which are not cancer but still require follow-up.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>For this reason, Ostrin and his colleagues have been working on a four-protein biomarker panel (4MP) for lung cancer early detection for most of the past decade.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“The Blood test is a simple measurement of four proteins measured using immunoassayTrusted Source,” he explained. “Lab tests measuring Blood proteins, including tests like prostate specific antigenTrusted Source or even pregnancy tests are almost universally measured in a similar fashion. Immunoassays are reliable, accurate, and inexpensive, and can be rapidly deployed into a variety of healthcare settings.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The journey to a new lung cancer test 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Ostrin and his team first publishedTrusted Source their work in JAMA oncology in 2018, where their findings showed the ability to identify those at risk for developing lung cancer when combined with smoking history.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“In 2021, we revealedTrusted Source that the same panel could help to identify which indeterminate findings found on chest CT could be cancers and which were more likely to be benign,” Ostrin noted.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Then in 2022, Ostrin and his team published a Journal of Clinical oncology paperTrusted Source, where, using samples from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) studyTrusted Source, the 4MP improved upon a well-validated clinical lung cancer risk score (PLCOm2012) to identify those at highest risk for cancer.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“The combination of 4MP+PLCOm2012 performed better when it came to identifying those who may benefit from CT-based screening versus the current or previous criteria and thus could be a key tool to improving lung cancer screening, especially if combined with the ability of the 4MP to help sort out indeterminate findings after a CT,” Ostrin said.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Lung cancer Blood test current Research 

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>In this study, Ostrin said his team has now reanalyzed data from the PLCO trial, instead looking at lung cancer death.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“Individuals enrolled in PLCO were meticulously followed for as long as 20 years after enrollment,” he explained. “This allowed us to evaluate how the 4MP performed not only in predicting the development of lung cancer but in predicting those who may develop lethal lung cancer. This emphasizes the potential usefulness of the 4MP in CT-based screening because those at (the) highest risk (of) dying from lung cancer would presumably benefit the most from earlier detection of cancer at an earlier stage when it is more curable.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>For this study, researchers analyzed pre-diagnostic Blood samples from more than 2,700 participants in the PLCO cancer screening trial. Of those analyzed, 552 participants later developed lung cancer and slightly more than 2,100 did not.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Of the 552 participants diagnosed with lung cancer during the six-year study period, 70% died from the disease.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Using hazard ratios, scientists evaluated the relationship between the combined risk scores generated by the use of the 4MP Blood test and lung cancer risk model against lung cancer death incidence.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Researchers found the combination risk scores showed improved sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value when compared to the 2013 and 2021 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteriaTrusted Source for predicting lung cancer-specific mortality among individuals who smoked at least 10 pack-years.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Research next steps

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>As for the next steps for the 4MP Blood test, Ostrin said they are actively working to develop it into a clinical-grade test and hope to have it ready within the next few months.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Ostrin said they will also be looking to answer other questions, such as how the 4MP Blood test could be used for early lung cancer detection in people with light or no tobacco use history.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Ostrin’s broader lab group is also taking parallel approaches they used for the 4MP and looking at other cancers, including pancreatic, breast, gastric, and colorectal cancer.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“In the end, we conceive of a situation where these tests could be combined into accurate and inexpensive Blood tests to indicate cancer risk from a variety of cancers,” he said. “Such a test may become part of a yearly assessment of health risk, much the way cholesterol and Blood pressure checks are used to assess risk from cardiovascular disease.”

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Nonsmokers who develop lung cancer can be treated effectively with new drugs, but their tumors refuse to surrender without a fight. The drugs stop working in the long term because the tumors acquire secondary mutations that allow them to evade the medications’ therapeutic effect.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>In Research published today in the journal Cell Reports Medicine, investigators from the Weizmann Institute of Science report findings that may lead to relapse-free treatment for a sizeable subgroup of lung cancer patients. In a study in mice, the scientists have identified a biomarker that may help physicians select lung cancer patients who can be treated with a single antibody-based drug that is likely to bring about full remission, without cancer relapse.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“We have found a potential biomarker that may change the way patients with lung cancer are treated worldwide,” says Prof. Yosef Yarden of Weizmann’s Immunology and Regenerative Biology Department, who led the study. “Similar to how the presence of BRCA mutations predicts how breast and ovarian cancer patients will respond to drugs, the new biomarker might make it possible to match some lung cancer patients with the specific medication most likely to help them.”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Focusing on the mutations that matter

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Most lung cancers are due to tobacco smoking, but the second-largest fraction of cases affects nonsmokers, and it’s characterized by mutations in a gene called EGFR. The current Research began when Dr. Ilaria Marrocco, then a postdoctoral researcher in Yarden’s lab, reviewed the literature from clinical trials and realized that all patients with EGFR-positive lung cancer were being treated using the same multidrug protocol – regardless of which of the 30 known EGFR mutations were harbored in their individual tumors. These patients eventually developed drug resistance that led to cancer relapse. Marrocco wondered whether, by sorting lung tumors according to specific EGFR mutations, it might be possible to create a more personalized drug protocol and achieve better results.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>”Similar to how the presence of BRCA mutations predicts how breast cancer patients will respond to drugs, the new biomarker might make it possible to match lung cancer patients with a specific medication”

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“Dr. Marrocco’s observation inspired us to search for a biomarker that would predict which patients would respond well to therapy, according to the specific mutations they carry,” says Yarden. The scientists decided to focus on one of the two most common gene variants associated with EGFR in lung cancer: the L858R mutation, in which a single amino acid, out of several hundred, is replaced with another one, at point 858 in EGFR. This mutation occurs in about 40 percent of lung cancer patients whose tumors are characterized by EGFR mutations.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The scientists chose to study L858R because, unlike other mutations that affect EGFR, it has a unique impact on EGFR function. “Unlike all other mutations, this mutation requires that receptors pair up in the cancer cell membrane, after which, signals instructing the cell to start replicating are sent to the nucleus,” Yarden explains. “Using a mouse model of lung cancer with the L858R mutation, we discovered that, if this pairing does not occur, it’s like a short-circuit – the signal to initiate cellular replication cannot be sent to the nucleus, and the tumor does not grow.”

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The researchers then blocked the pairing by treating the mice with an antibody drug called cetuximab, known by its trade name Erbitux, developed on the basis of Research by Yarden and the late Prof. Michael Sela. Erbitux has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of colon and head and neck cancers.

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>“After the treatment with Erbitux, the lung tumors of mice shrank and did not reappear, not even after a long while,” Yarden says. “These results indicate that, for the large number of human lung cancer patients who have the L858R mutation, a single drug might offer a path toward full recovery, without the devastating phenomenon of cancer relapse.”

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The new study also explains why previous attempts to treat EGFR-mutated lung cancer with Erbitux had failed or, at best, produced conflicting results. Explains Yarden: “Since new EGFR inhibitors were approved as lung cancer drugs nearly 10 years ago, all patients now receive these anti-EGFR medications, irrespective of the identity and number of their EGFR mutations. They are highly effective for a while, but they permit the emergence of secondary mutations that accelerate cancer relapse. By the time Erbitux is given, it is usually ineffective because it can work only against certain EGFR mutations. Our study demonstrates the importance of preselecting lung cancer patients who can be effectively treated with Erbitux from the start, based on their mutation profile.”

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The scientists say that the next step would be to launch a clinical trial to establish the effectiveness of this treatment for human lung cancer patients, something that will be made easier by the fact that Erbitux has already been approved for treating other cancer types. In the meantime, Yarden and Marrocco are excited about the potential for their Research to eventually have an impact on clinical practice. Marrocco: “The L858R biomarker could help save lives by offering physicians a way to provide personalized drug treatment for lung cancer patients who carry the relevant mutation.”

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Reference: Marrocco I, Giri S, Simoni-Nieves A, et al. L858R emerges as a potential biomarker predicting response of lung cancer models to anti-EGFR antibodies: Comparison of osimertinib vs. cetuximab. CR Med. 2023;0(0). doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101142

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oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Scientists have developed a ‘holy grail’ molecule that kills all solid cancer tumours, leaving healthy cells unaffected.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The team at the City of Hope, one of the largest cancer Research and treatment organisations in the US, made the breakthrough against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>In a mutated form PCNA is critical in DNA replication and repair of all expanding tumours, but a molecule developed by the team, AOH1996, targets and kills the mutated PCNA.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Previously PCNA was thought too challenging to be a target for therapy, but preclinical Research shows AOH1996 seems to annihilate all solid tumours – without effects on other body cells.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>‘Results have been promising,’ said Dr Malkas. ‘AOH1996 can suppress tumor growth as a monotherapy or combination treatment in cell and animal models without resulting in toxicity.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>‘The investigational chemotherapeutic is currently in a Phase 1 clinical trial in humans at City of Hope.’

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The researchers have tested AOH1996 in more than 70 cancer cell lines and several normal control cells. They found the molecule selectively kills cancer cells by disrupting the normal cell reproductive cycle.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>In their Research, the team has found AOH1996 prevented cells with damaged DNA from dividing and from making a copy of faulty DNA, causing cancer cell death – known as apoptosis – but it did not interrupt healthy stem cells.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>‘Conference-registration-gbp/”>Undruggable’, but City of Hope was able to develop an investigational medicine for a challenging protein target.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>‘We discovered that PCNA is one of the potential causes of increased nucleic acid replication errors in cancer cells.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>‘Now that we know the problem area and can inhibit it, we will dig deeper to understand the process to develop more personalised, targeted cancer medicines.’

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Experiments showed that the investigational pill made cancer cells more susceptible to chemical agents that cause DNA or chromosome damage, hinting that AOH1996 could become a useful tool in combination therapies and new chemotherapeutics.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>Professor Daniel Von Hoff, co-author, added: ‘City of Hope has world leaders in cancer Research. They also have the infrastructure to drive translational drug discovery from the laboratory into the clinic for patients in need.’

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The Phase 1 clinical trial began in October.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>As a next step, the researchers will look to better understand the mechanism of action to further improve the ongoing clinical trial in humans.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The team is continuing to investigate the mechanisms that make this cancer-stopping pill work in animal models, while a Phase 1 clinical trial test is also ongoing in humans.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>However, it is not yet known if the drug will continue to be taken in pill form once fully developed and approved for use.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The new therapy is the result of 20 years of Research and development – and is named after Anna Olivia Healey (AOH), a young girl born in 1996 who unfortunately was not able to beat cancer.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>‘Most targeted therapies focus on a single pathway, which enables wily cancer to mutate and eventually become resistant,’ said team leader Dr Linda Malkas, a professor in City of Hope’s department of molecular diagnostics and experimental therapeutics.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>‘PCNA is like a major airline terminal hub containing multiple plane gates.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>‘Data suggests PCNA is uniquely altered in cancer cells, and this fact allowed us to design a drug that targeted only the form of PCNA in cancer cells.

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>‘Our cancer-killing pill is like a snowstorm that closes a key airline hub, shutting down all flights in and out only in planes carrying cancer cells.’

oncology.pencis.com/” target=”_blank”>The study, published in the journal Cell Chemical Biology, claims AOH1996 has been effective in preclinical Research treating cells derived from breast, prostate, brain, ovarian, cervical, skin and lung cancers.

#prostatecancer #lungcancer #coloncancer #ovariancancer #pancreaticcancer #leukemia #Conference-registration-usd/”>Lymphoma #OncologyConference #CancerResearch #OncologyAwards #CancerTreatment #OncologyCommunity #CancerCare #OncologyEducation #CancerSurvivorship #OncologyInnovation #CancerAwareness #OncologyLeadership #CancerPrevention #OncologyExcellence #CancerBreakthroughs #OncologyCollaboration #CancerAdvancements #OncologyImpact #CancerPatientsFirst #OncologyFuture #OncologyInspiration #CancerFighters #OncologyHeroes #CancerAwarenessMonth #OncologyProgress #CancerSolutions #OncologyExperts #CancerSurvivors #shorts #shortsvideo #cancerConference #OncologyConference #pencis #oncologyconference #CardioOnc #radonc #medonc #caxtx #GeriOnc #psyonc #oncorn #hsronc #camets #cancer #fuckcancer #cancersucks #breastcancerawareness #breastcancer #cancermemes #cancerousmemes #cancersurvivor #cancerawareness #cancerdemama #breastcancerawarenessmonth #cancerresearch #fightcancer #childhoodcancerawareness #beatcancer #childhoodcancer #cancerseason #breastcancersurvivor #cancerfree #cancerfighter #cancerous #fcancer #cancerwarrior #teamcancer #ovariancancer #americancancersociety #standuptocancer #cancerresearchuk #cancersupport #skincancer #cancermeme #cancer #feminismiscancer #curecancer #anticancer #cancerzodiac #prostatecancer #cancers #fucancer #pediatriccancer #cancerawareness #beatcancer #cancersucks #cancerresearch #cancerfighter #cancerwarrior #cancertreatment #cancersurvivor #cancerprevention #cancerawarenessmonth #cancerpatientsupport #breastcancer #prostatecancer #lungcancer #coloncancer #ovariancancer #pancreaticcancer #leukemia #Conference-registration-usd/”>Lymphoma #melanoma #braincancer #childhoodcancer #cancerfree #oncology #cancercare #cancerdiagnosis #cancerribbon #cancerjourney

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oncology.pencis.com/”>A new class of Conference-registration-euro/”>immunotherapy could offer hope to cancer patients who do not respond to existing treatments, Research suggests.

oncology.pencis.com/”>The study found the drug, called MOv18 IgE, shrank a tumour in a patient with ovarian cancer and reported that it was well tolerated in patients.

oncology.pencis.com/”>The scientists suggest their findings could pave the way for a completely new type of anti-cancer drug for people with Award-call-for-profile/”>Chemotherapy-resistant cancers.

oncology.pencis.com/”>The study by researchers from King’s College London and Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, and funded by cancer Research UK, tested whether a type of antibody called IgE could be used to treat human cancer.oncology.pencis.com/”/>

oncology.pencis.com/”>The results pave the way to development of an entirely new class of anti-cancer drug for people with Award-call-for-profile/”>Chemotherapy-resistant cancers

                                                         oncology.pencis.com/”>Professor James Spicer, King’s College London

oncology.pencis.com/”>Conference-registration-euro/”>immunotherapy works by stimulating the body’s natural defence system to attack cancer.

oncology.pencis.com/”>Existing antibody drugs used in cancer belong to an antibody type called IgG, but IgE antibodies have not been tested in humans before.

oncology.pencis.com/”>IgE antibodies evolved to target parasites like worms and flukes, and IgG antibodies are involved in attacking bacteria and viruses in the body.

oncology.pencis.com/”>Lead author on the study, Professor James Spicer, professor of experimental cancer medicine at King’s College London and Consultant in Medical oncology at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT), said: “IgE is a completely new form of antibody therapy which has shown great promise in this Phase I trial.

oncology.pencis.com/”>“Our findings show that the drug was well tolerated in patients and shrunk a cancerous tumour in a patient with ovarian cancer.

oncology.pencis.com/”>“The results pave the way to development of an entirely new class of anti-cancer drug for people with Award-call-for-profile/”>Chemotherapy-resistant cancers.oncology.pencis.com/”>“The immunology expertise in King’s College London laboratories allowed us to undertake this trial of a completely new form of antibody therapy.”oncology.pencis.com/”/>

oncology.pencis.com/”>Conference-registration-euro/”>immunotherapy has shown enormous potential recently but there are still people with cancer who do not respond to conventional therapy
                                                              oncology.pencis.com/”>Professor Sophia Karagiannis, King’s College London

oncology.pencis.com/”>Co-author Sophia Karagiannis, professor of translational cancer immunology and Conference-registration-euro/”>immunotherapy at King’s College London, said: “Conference-registration-euro/”>immunotherapy has shown enormous potential recently but there are still people with cancer who do not respond to conventional therapy.

oncology.pencis.com/”>“This trial builds on our previous work into the biology of IgE, including experiments in the laboratory suggesting that IgE could be an effective treatment that can offer additional benefits to complement those of established IgG antibodies in the clinic.

oncology.pencis.com/”>“While we are still in the early stage of trials, our next steps will be to evaluate IgE in larger and different groups of patients and to continue studying how IgE antibodies are able to wake up the patient’s immune system to fight different cancers.”

#prostatecancer #lungcancer #coloncancer #ovariancancer #pancreaticcancer #leukemia #Conference-registration-usd/”>Lymphoma #OncologyConference #CancerResearch #OncologyAwards #CancerTreatment #OncologyCommunity #CancerCare #OncologyEducation #CancerSurvivorship #OncologyInnovation #CancerAwareness #OncologyLeadership #CancerPrevention #OncologyExcellence #CancerBreakthroughs #OncologyCollaboration #CancerAdvancements #OncologyImpact #CancerPatientsFirst #OncologyFuture #OncologyInspiration #CancerFighters #OncologyHeroes #CancerAwarenessMonth #OncologyProgress #CancerSolutions #OncologyExperts #CancerSurvivors #shorts #shortsvideo #cancerConference #OncologyConference #pencis #oncologyconference #CardioOnc #radonc #medonc #caxtx #GeriOnc #psyonc #oncorn #hsronc #camets #cancer #fuckcancer #cancersucks #breastcancerawareness #breastcancer #cancermemes #cancerousmemes #cancersurvivor #cancerawareness #cancerdemama #breastcancerawarenessmonth #cancerresearch #fightcancer #childhoodcancerawareness #beatcancer #childhoodcancer #cancerseason #breastcancersurvivor #cancerfree #cancerfighter #cancerous #fcancer #cancerwarrior #teamcancer #ovariancancer #americancancersociety #standuptocancer #cancerresearchuk #cancersupport #skincancer #cancermeme #cancer #feminismiscancer #curecancer #anticancer #cancerzodiac #prostatecancer #cancers #fucancer #pediatriccancer #cancerawareness #beatcancer #cancersucks #cancerresearch #cancerfighter #cancerwarrior #cancertreatment #cancersurvivor #cancerprevention #cancerawarenessmonth #cancerpatientsupport #breastcancer #prostatecancer #lungcancer #coloncancer #ovariancancer #pancreaticcancer #leukemia #Conference-registration-usd/”>Lymphoma #melanoma #braincancer #childhoodcancer #cancerfree #oncology #cancercare #cancerdiagnosis #cancerribbon #cancerjourney

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